These days there’s a new workflow in modern print shops. Print professionals are trying to get their digital proofs to match the press, instead of matching the press to the proofs. They’re doing this because it’s easy to make a proof — especially a film-based analog proof — that contains colors which can’t be achieved on press.

blues are all thrown off. The same type of compromise occurs when steering color on the press. What’s needed is a way to take yellow out of reds without affecting greens, grays and/or pure-yellow vignettes.

ICC-based color management
The solution is to use ICC-based color management, which works by instantly transforming a source CMYK to a new, color corrected CMYK — say from press CMYK to proofer CMYK , dynamically, automatically simulating the press behavior (even non-linear wet trap) on the proofer. This process works well, but there is a hidden danger in the typical color management workflow. Normal ICCbased color management uses a “device independent connection space” called LAB to connect one profiled device to another. Because the CMYK to CMYK color management transformation runs through LAB, which discards all original source CMYK information, all elements in a file actually completely re-separate — including the individual pure-color channels. As a result, ramps of pure yellow usually end up with a cyan scum dot, cyan acquires a magenta scum dot and magenta gets a cyan dot. Worst of all, black-only elements,such as text and blends, completely re-separate to four-color black. If you are selling a customer a $200 dot-proof, you really don’t want to have to explain why what’s supposed to be pure yellow has cyan dots.

Here’s why
Often, the hues of the CMYK inks used in proofing systems don’t match the press inks. This alone can make color matching problematic. Also, the dot gain characteristics of a given proofer and printing press are usually different. But often the biggest cause of color matching problems is “wet trap

Wet Trap
On press, wet inks don’t stick together perfectly, and there is always some “peelback” associated with the second ink. This phenomenon is called wet trap. Most proofing systems don’t have wet trap issues because they are “Dry” systems and there is no peelback. All colors trap at 99-100%. On many presses, the yellow/magenta peelback in reds is 10% of the second color (which means the trap is only 90%), the yellow/cyan trap in greens is 80%, and the magenta/cyan trap in blues is 70%. Based on this alone, the deviation between press and proof can be dramatic — 10-30% or more — and it varies depending on the color. Many printers try to compensate for this by using tone reproduction curves. Unfortunately, this doesn’t solve the problem because the proof behaves in a linear way and the press does not. On press, pure-color CMYK tints and vignettes trap to the paper at 100%, but because of wet trap, other multi-ink colors experienceintensity fall-offs. The fall-offs are all different, depending on the hue, making the press behavior bizarrely non-linear. As a result, a curve edit made to a linear-behaving proofing system won’t correlate to the non-linear press behavior. Additionally, global curve edits tend to fix one thing, while breaking two others. For example, when you adjust a yellow curve to fix a problem with reds, the greens, gray balance and dark
Inhaling fine particles can lead to a broad range of adverse health effects, including premature mortality, aggravation of cardiovascular and respiratory disease, development of chronic lung disease, exacerbation of asthma, and decreased lung function growth in children.
Sources of fine particle pollution include power plants, gasoline and diesel engines, wood combustion, high-temperature industrial processes such as smelters and steel mills, and forest fires. 
Otherclimate-related changes in stagnant air episodes, wind patterns, emissions from vegetation and the chemistry of atmospheric pollutants will likely affect particulate matter levels.  Climate change will also affect particulates through changes in wildfires, which are expected to become more frequent and intense in a warmer climate. 
Changes in Allergens
Climate change may affect allergies and respiratory health.   In addition, climate change may facilitate the spread of ragweed, an invasive plant with very allergenic pollen. Tests on ragweed show that increasing carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures would increase the amount and timing of ragweed pollen production.
Impacts from Climate-Sensitive Diseases
Changes in climate may enhance the spread of some diseases.  Disease-causing agents, called pathogens, can be transmitted through food, water, and animals such as deer, birds, mice, and insects. Climate change could affect all of these transmitters.
Food-borne Diseases
Higher air temperatures can increase cases of salmonella and other bacteria-related food poisoning because bacteria grow more rapidly in warm environments. These diseases can cause gastrointestinal distress and, in severe cases, death. 
Flooding and heavy rainfall can cause overflows from sewage treatment plants into fresh water sources. Overflows could contaminate certain food crops with pathogen-containing feces. 

Water-borne Diseases
Heavy rainfall or flooding can increase water-borne parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia that are sometimes foundin drinking water.  These parasites can cause gastrointestinal distress and in severe cases, death.
Heavy rainfall events cause storm water runoff that may contaminate water bodies used for recreation (such as lakes and beaches) with other bacteria.  The most common illness contracted from contamination at beaches is gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and the intestines that can cause symptoms such as vomiting, headaches, and fever. Other minor illnesses include ear, eye, nose, and throat infections. 

Animal-borne Diseases
The geographic range of ticks that carry Lyme disease is limited by temperature. As air temperatures rise, the range of these ticks is likely to continue to expand northward.  Typical symptoms of Lyme disease include fever, headache, fatigue, and a characteristic skin rash.
The spread of climate-sensitive diseases will depend on both climate and non-climate factors. The risks for climate-sensitive diseases can be much higher in poorer countries that have less capacity to prevent and treat illness. 
Other Health Linkages: Other linkages exist between climate change and human health. For example, changes in temperature and precipitation, as well as droughts and floods, will likely affect agricultural yields and production. In some regions of the world, these impacts may compromise food security and threaten human health through malnutrition, the spread of infectious diseases, and food poisoning. The worst of these effects are projected to occur in developing countries, among vulnerable populations.  BIBLIOGRAPHY: https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/health.html

ACTIVITY

Mention the diseases that are caused by climate changes and specify which ones are the causes. Present the information in a table.





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Impactos de los fenómenos meteorológicos extremos
Se prevé que la frecuencia e intensidad de eventos extremos de precipitación aumente en algunos lugares , como lo es la gravedad ( la velocidad del viento y la lluvia ) de las tormentas tropicales .Estos fenómenos meteorológicos extremos podrían causar lesiones y , en algunos casos , la muerte . Al
Link-o-lator
You can avoid these problems by using Left Dakota’s Link-o-lator software to turn your ICC profiles into specialty ICC device links that bypass LAB and generate direct CMYK-to-CMYK transformations.

Innovation
While most comparable programs build only rudimentary device links that offer little or no improvement over using only ICC profiles, our innovative and easy-to-use program, Link-o-lator, was specifically engineered to create the most sophisticated, state-of-the-art ICC-device links which are optimized to fix the problems of the prepress and printing industry.


Link Benefits
In addition to all of the benefits of using ICC profiles — hue-based color correction, automatic dot gain and gray-balance adjustment, etc. Left Dakota specialty ICC device links offer several additional benefits. You can: • Preserve up to eight pure color channels. • Preserve black-only text, blends and drop shadows. • Preserve contaminant-free cyan, magenta, and yellow. • Preserve special colors, such as registration black. • Get moreconsistent color results, regardless of computing platform — Mac, Windows or Unix. • Build black point compensation right into the link, producing a better dynamic range on the press & digital/inkjet proofers.

Free Demo
If you would like to test Link-o-lator, you can download a free, fully-functional demonstration version of the software from the Left Dakota web site at www.leftdakota.com. The demo version of Link-o-lator runs without limitations for three launches, allowing you to create device links using your own ICC profiles. If you try Link-o-lator, you’ll find that the perfect press proofs you’ve been searching for are now possible.

Industry Support
Left Dakota device links are supported by all high-end dot proofing systems, including those from Fuji, Creo, Kodak and others, and they’re supported by many high-end workflow products, such as ArtWork Systems Nexus 7, by many high-end inkjet RIPS, including Harlequin, Scanvec/Amiable, Wasatch and Oris, and by specialty processing software like GretagMacbeth’s IQueue. Left Dakota device links are completely cross-platform compatible, and will work with any application and on any platform that supports ICC Device Links. To purchase Link-o-lator, you can order directly from Left Dakota, or visit one of our authorized resellers.

System Requirements: Macintosh Computer running System OS 9, OS 9 Classic, or OS X. ColorSync 3.03 or higher.

Left Dakota Authorized Reseller

www.leftdakota.com